me state that I'm not half dead laugh ...
Will that really a European Commission try a store such as the British Imperial Airways to discipline?
a store where nobody's ever taken care of stranded passengers?
Where force majeure such as the manna from heaven, and all employees (with "workers" would be far too high) in an endless cigarette break brought a free day off ...
The winter comes every year, the storms that strike, the fog and the volcanic ash to complete the rule and a monthly Heathrow Hassle is for the staff of the most beautiful day of the year.
" The airline and tour operators must give passengers the opportunity to call or write e-mails and provide food and drink or reimburse the traveler the additional expenses incurred. a "
About as many lawyers ignorance can only laugh. London Heathrow although there are telephones, but do not work - and certainly not to reach the airlines or to rebook. The food may be the stranded passengers and even and buy additional expenses are not replaced naturally. We are still waiting for the refund of the additional cost of 1,400 Euros.
My advice to the EU Commission: "Forget it ..."
each time you study my field reports, or even learn how the wind blows ...
Passengers' rights are not even worth the paper described.
London I shall of course never in life ! Fly
me state that I'm not half dead laugh ...
Will that really a European Commission try a store such as the British Imperial Airways to discipline?
a store where nobody's ever taken care of stranded passengers?
Where force majeure such as the manna from heaven, and all employees (with "workers" would be far too high) in an endless cigarette break brought a free day off ...
The winter comes every year, the storms that strike, the fog and the volcanic ash to complete the rule and a monthly Heathrow Hassle is for the staff of the most beautiful day of the year.
" The airline and tour operators must give passengers the opportunity to call or write e-mails and provide food and drink or reimburse the traveler the additional expenses incurred. a "
About as many lawyers ignorance can only laugh. London Heathrow although there are telephones, but do not work - and certainly not to reach the airlines or to rebook. The food may be the stranded passengers and even and buy additional expenses are not replaced naturally. We are still waiting for the refund of the additional cost of 1,400 Euros.
My advice to the EU Commission: "Forget it ..."
each time you study my field reports, or even learn how the wind blows ...
Passengers' rights are not even worth the paper described.
London I shall of course never in life ! Fly
about 1980 were Data General computer of the type Nova or Eclipse with so-called core Save equipped. This DG machines were expensive and very maintenance intensive. From today's perspective, especially the RAM technology at that time was quite primitive, but on the other hand, considerable.
The core memory (32 Kbytes with 4 x 8kByte nuclear disks) of the computer crashes was investigated by default with the Checkerboard program on errors. In particular, on closer examination are the core memory boards (400 x 400 mm) wonders of technology. The core area of 8kByte core memory on the following image is 155 x 135 mm.
In the following photo of the bottom corner of this area you can look at the wiring of the cores a bit more accurate, but you need a Microscope the fine points to consider the near ... The ICs are part of the driver software and control the individual bits.
Under the microscope (Traveler, 10 x) shows the single-cores, is more careful. Each core is crossed by several wires, so you can control each core individually. Each magnetic core represents a single bit.
Under the microscope (Traveler, 10 x) shows that you have coded the wires and alternating red and blue in color. These wires are single wires of copper and no traces.
magnification 200 x
single nuclei of 8kB memory under the Traveler USB microscope (200 x)
the color of the printed circuit board in the driver area seems to overheating, which is visible on each disk, and obviously based on a design flaw.
Some tracks have a zigzag pattern Perhaps that should ensure a better conductivity ...
In the draft, the conductors are not digitized into a CAD design, but - as usual, ie the time before 1980 - are glued and then photographed ...
The core dumpThe core memory had the advantage that the memory content was maintained when switching off. Therefore, it was often possible after switching off the computer or power failure simply start with a "Continue". Only after the memory test, the memory has been destroyed, and of course had to be ready to start the bootloader.
The memory preservation made it possible now for a crash dump a , who was called in English core dump because he was from the core memory ("Core") is diverted.
dump or dump described in the data processing, a copy or extract of a memory content. The dump can be displayed on the monitor, printer or file, and use binary, octal or hexadecimal. A dump is usually used to diagnose problems (crash dump) or to measure performance.
If it is the contents of the registers of a processor, it is called Registerdump, it is the contents of main memory, of memory dump.
excerpts from a database known as Datenbankdump . They serve as a backup or can be used to migrate.
Linux / Unix, after a crash today created one more " coredump" . Here, the memory of the crashed process is written to a file and can later be analyzed with a debugger. The name is derived from coredump core memory (core memory in English) from, the original form of the main memory in computer systems. This dumps the register and memory dump of a process known as post-mortem dumps, from Latin post mortem (German "after death"). Furthermore, there are Linux / Unix, a program called dump, which can be used file systems with high data throughput.
For Microsoft operating systems, the Windows system service, Dr. Watson generates a dump after a crash.
The bootstrap or bootloader started the DOS operating system that can be considered a precursor of the first DOS versions, or a test program, for example, the memory test that had to be loaded from tape. I wrote my own programs in Algol, the compiler of the standard software The Nova was one. Programs you write on a console, for example, on a Teletype console that looked like a Teletype.
Nova with a 16-bit design in 1969, a teletype console, 32 kB and 25 MB of core memory Diskspecicher started with toggle switches, which formed a so-called bootstrap. At the time, knew each operator of such a computer's boot loader by heart:
In Datamation 7 / 83 documented Bern Leeds in the funny script " Real Programmers shun Pascal "that the typical programmer the system bootstrap bit by bit and know by heart that one button. Yes, that was still with us ... 1980-1984
To view the addresses and registers light bulbs were used, which blew over again, until one day in their place ado red LEDs in the Nova-machine installations.
From 1974, the Eclipse core with 32 kB memory and 80 MB of disk already advanced and had a pre-programmed boot loader, which could be launched with a toggle switch. In Wikipedia is a list of bootloaders lacking but in which the loader of the Nova and Eclipse.
The term bootstrap refers originally to the loop that is located at the back of a boot to facilitate the tightening of the boot. (To run a program on a computer where no operating system is running) The process of booting reminiscent in part to the Strive to do is pull on the boots own loop out of the morass.
Yes, it was a miracle that such a system could ever be brought to life.
about 1980 were Data General computer of the type Nova or Eclipse with so-called core Save equipped. This DG machines were expensive and very maintenance intensive. From today's perspective, especially the RAM technology at that time was quite primitive, but on the other hand, considerable.
The core memory (32 Kbytes with 4 x 8kByte nuclear disks) of the computer crashes was investigated by default with the Checkerboard program on errors. In particular, on closer examination are the core memory boards (400 x 400 mm) wonders of technology. The core area of 8kByte core memory on the following image is 155 x 135 mm.
In the following photo of the bottom corner of this area you can look at the wiring of the cores a bit more accurate, but you need a Microscope the fine points to consider the near ... The ICs are part of the driver software and control the individual bits.
Under the microscope (Traveler, 10 x) shows the single-cores, is more careful. Each core is crossed by several wires, so you can control each core individually. Each magnetic core represents a single bit.
Under the microscope (Traveler, 10 x) shows that you have coded the wires and alternating red and blue in color. These wires are single wires of copper and no traces.
magnification 200 x
single nuclei of 8kB memory under the Traveler USB microscope (200 x)
the color of the printed circuit board in the driver area seems to overheating, which is visible on each disk, and obviously based on a design flaw.
Some tracks have a zigzag pattern Perhaps that should ensure a better conductivity ...
In the draft, the conductors are not digitized into a CAD design, but - as usual, ie the time before 1980 - are glued and then photographed ...
The core dumpThe core memory had the advantage that the memory content was maintained when switching off. Therefore, it was often possible after switching off the computer or power failure simply start with a "Continue". Only after the memory test, the memory has been destroyed, and of course had to be ready to start the bootloader.
The memory preservation made it possible now for a crash dump a , who was called in English core dump because he was from the core memory ("Core") is diverted.
dump or dump described in the data processing, a copy or extract of a memory content. The dump can be displayed on the monitor, printer or file, and use binary, octal or hexadecimal. A dump is usually used to diagnose problems (crash dump) or to measure performance.
If it is the contents of the registers of a processor, it is called Registerdump, it is the contents of main memory, of memory dump.
excerpts from a database known as Datenbankdump . They serve as a backup or can be used to migrate.
Linux / Unix, after a crash today created one more " coredump" . Here, the memory of the crashed process is written to a file and can later be analyzed with a debugger. The name is derived from coredump core memory (core memory in English) from, the original form of the main memory in computer systems. This dumps the register and memory dump of a process known as post-mortem dumps, from Latin post mortem (German "after death"). Furthermore, there are Linux / Unix, a program called dump, which can be used file systems with high data throughput.
For Microsoft operating systems, the Windows system service, Dr. Watson generates a dump after a crash.
The bootstrap or bootloader started the DOS operating system that can be considered a precursor of the first DOS versions, or a test program, for example, the memory test that had to be loaded from tape. I wrote my own programs in Algol, the compiler of the standard software The Nova was one. Programs you write on a console, for example, on a Teletype console that looked like a Teletype.
Nova with a 16-bit design in 1969, a teletype console, 32 kB and 25 MB of core memory Diskspecicher started with toggle switches, which formed a so-called bootstrap. At the time, knew each operator of such a computer's boot loader by heart:
In Datamation 7 / 83 documented Bern Leeds in the funny script " Real Programmers shun Pascal "that the typical programmer the system bootstrap bit by bit and know by heart that one button. Yes, that was still with us ... 1980-1984
To view the addresses and registers light bulbs were used, which blew over again, until one day in their place ado red LEDs in the Nova-machine installations.
From 1974, the Eclipse core with 32 kB memory and 80 MB of disk already advanced and had a pre-programmed boot loader, which could be launched with a toggle switch. In Wikipedia is a list of bootloaders lacking but in which the loader of the Nova and Eclipse.
The term bootstrap refers originally to the loop that is located at the back of a boot to facilitate the tightening of the boot. (To run a program on a computer where no operating system is running) The process of booting reminiscent in part to the Strive to do is pull on the boots own loop out of the morass.
Yes, it was a miracle that such a system could ever be brought to life.
pdf version: The Last astronomer in the country, the Tuareg
Like two other tourists traveling as a shaman or as a wise Bedouin classify, who aids the farmer with his star client and monitors the proper observance of sowing and harvesting dates. And why they are driven home in the knowledge that they have just met one of the last local astronomers from the land of the Tuareg ...
worked in the seventies of the last century, I was the youngest developer for a no longer existing, large electronics company in the antenna laboratory, where once the giant bowls of ground stations in the modern communications satellite designed. part of my job the calculation of all conceivable sources of error and the antenna noise temperature, which played at that time for the data transmission an important role.
To measure the antenna noise we needed at that time stars such as the strong noise source, Cassiopeia A, a remnant of a supernova in the right ascension 23h 21m and declination +58 ° 33 '. Another potential source was Cygnus A, provided they have at least 20 ° above the horizon. Sources below about 20 degrees elevation are useless because the radiation temperature of the soil at 300 Kelvin is much too strong. A rather weak noise source Taurus A forms in the Taurus (the Crab Nebula) in right ascension 5h 31 'and declination +21 ° 58'.
could with these sources will review the accuracy of the positioning and the noise of the antenna. With diameters of 18-25 m were caused by the huge parabolic vulnerable to mechanical stresses, the deviations from the ideal paraboloid shape. For the composition of a continuous series of measurements were needed at different elevation angles sources. The ratios of the main sources of noise made my basic knowledge in the field of astronomy. It was all Three to four stars astronomy.
undertook in the spring of these years, I with my young, small family on a tour in Tunisia, where in addition to the coastal region with the Moorish, Punic and Roman sites and the desert in the south of the country with its oases, the foothills of the Atlas Mountains and the salt lakes on the program were.
It was on this trip to Tunis over El Dijem, Sfax, Gabes, Matmata and Gafsa because we all ss in the south, the gateway to the desert reached that is called because of the dunes of the Sahara Douz . It is a tiny, dusty oasis town, which now can not produce truly great story.
Douz environment with the center of the part still semi-nomadic Mrazig is strain that will descend from the Beni Hilal . As the government leads the people to settle down, reduces the number of nomads from year to year and you will find there today no more Tuareg. Douz earlier, however, was an important stop on the overland caravan routes. The removal of the caravan has been offset by tourism. Per year are counted in the region of Douz 320 000 overnight stays. The desert tourism harms However the environment because of excessive water consumption in the oases.
place in the modern center of Douz Thursday instead of the largest weekly market in southern Tunisia to the sedentary and nomadic buyers and sellers from the area, sometimes together come from Algeria. Even earlier Tuareg moved from southern Algeria with their caravans to the market at Douz. So it was not unusual to encounter in this place just before a Thursday, a foreign Tuareg.
Our hotel in Douz was a so-called "seven-star hotel", which in a black tent was housed. The name referred to a dozen holes in the black tents, which should provide the observers with a closer look in any direction at least 7 stars. We disrupted the bountiful fresh air culture means. It was really comfortable in this huge tent.
to promote the local weaving we had been dressed for dinner in traditional dress with white djellaba and colorful turban decorated . Even that was no problem and soon I had forgotten that we ever wore such exotic clothing.
And it was here most peaceful in the evening hours after sunset that I took a walk in the oasis, while my wife with our son who preferred to stay at the hotel. It was during dinner instantly became completely dark and so I moved gently under the moonless sky to the edge of town on a sandy path between meter-high stalks that looked like maybe cane or a kind of papyrus. that grows here on the banks of a pond or marshy terrain.
appeared in the darkness, the eerie air and wind, and while my eyes became accustomed to the darkness, I suddenly heard a strange rustling. It sounded as if a tiny toys were forgotten by a child in the sandbox and now on its last legs further rattled by the spring tension had completely broken down ...
Carefully I walked further along the meandering path between the towering, black reeds. Then I tell two people on a low wall, playing with a device that apparently caused the noise. Both were so busy that they do not get me heard and saw at first as I stood beside them.
" Bon soir, monsieur madame y "
I greeted the couple who housed perhaps as a middle-aged couple in a tourist hotel was. They greeted back in French.
the unit on the wall was apparently a camera, so you can scan the night sky in complete darkness for some time. For these shots of the night sky but it takes a special tool. The stars are seen from Earth is not over. Since the earth as all the planets rotate around its axis, the sky cut shifts at all times. Why do you photograph the night sky for scientific purposes, with a tracking system, which compensates for the earth's rotation. Without such a body would only the polar star in the north represented approximately as a fixed star. All other stars are shown as circular arcs around the center around.
The rustling noise came from a now Federzuguhrwerk, which was the camera tracked the stars a . The turntable and the transmission came from our own production and the rotational axis was aligned with a polar scope is at the North Star.
selected for such admissions one moonless nights, far from big cities with all that artificial light and a cloudy atmosphere. Thus were the only two tourists traveled specifically to this day all the way to the edge of the desert at this to take pictures.
I am interested in your machine and explained that the form works with Cassiopeia, Cygnus and Taurus is an important part of my subject area.
The mention of these heavenly bodies electrified the research pair and there ensued a lively discussion on the performance limits of tracking at night photography. Such systems allow exposure times from about 30 minutes at 28 mm wide-angle lens and 5 minutes at 200 mm telephoto lens.
After i n their discussion on K assiopeia, Cygnus and Taurus we changed the subject and took the remarkable Orion under the magnifying glass that can be seen in Central Europe in the evening sky to April and a mythical sky hunter supposed to represent. The striking constellation of ancient peoples of different meanings attributed. Most importantly perhaps the definition of the important harvest seasons, which I had noticed during the teaching of history as an old country sayings was:
" The threshing comes with the giant Orion .
for the Orion is not visible from April to July and only then at home began threshing.
And some fell back with one. If the constellation Scorpio rises in the east, Orion must leave the sky in the west. Thus, the two opponents are never together in the sky. the morning and last of Orion the field work begins:
" When the Pleiades flee mighty Orion giant then thoughtfully cultivate the field, as I command you .
My wisdom and my knowledge impressed the French couple and they expressed their amazement that they had obtained in this remote oasis still so much of the ancient astronomical knowledge!
then initially I was speechless for a few seconds ....
no means I had been aware of that I still have the djellaba and the brightly decorated wore turbans. Obviously it was too dark to recognize me as a West European. My French sounded determined quite bumpy, but for a true- Tuareg certainly acceptable.
The two tourists looked at me certainly as a local who as a shaman or wise Bedouin the local farmer with his astronomy and assists the proper observance of the sowing and harvesting dates monitored.
This was too good to be true. Of course I would have to explain now that I were a Western European technicians and my wisdom to the Orion only inaccurate details of a distant lesson came from. To tell you, however, that she brought to fake and that I was no Africans, but then I do not have the heart. It would also hurt them unnecessarily in their pride ...
It would be better, the couple in the certainty to have to travel back, that guards in the desert city Douz still the old secret knowledge of the astronomical sky clock, which continues to operate if been all the oil is burned and the survivors again as the Bedouin have to live in the desert. So I let the French pair in the madness of my knowledge, passed me politely in French, and followed with pride and walking upright on my way.
I am also sure that both pairs of eyes after my departure for a while must have followed completely surprised - in the knowledge that they had just adopted one of the last local astronomers from the land of the Tuareg ...
Cassiopeia is visible year-round in Central Europe. The region of Cassiopeia is very star-rich, since the Milky Way runs through the constellation. Several open cluster can be seen here.
The Swan (Cygnus Latin) is a constellation north of the celestial equator. The Swan is a conspicuous constellation in the summer and autumn sky. The swan pulls the bright band of the Milky Way, so the constellation is full of interesting stars and nebulous objects.
The bull (Latin Taurus, astronomical sign: ♉) is a constellation of the ecliptic. The bull is north of the prominent Orion in the sky. The striking reddish star Aldebaran is the Dar. eye of the bull The bull can be observed from fall to spring.
The Orion is a constellation on the celestial equator. The Orion is situated between the river Eridanus and the unicorn on the celestial equator. This should be seen in Central Europe as of August (morning sky) to April (evening sky), in the Southern Hemisphere at higher latitudes, such as July-May
a The website night photography similar drive systems are documented.
pdf version: The Last astronomer in the country, the Tuareg
Like two other tourists traveling as a shaman or as a wise Bedouin classify, who aids the farmer with his star client and monitors the proper observance of sowing and harvesting dates. And why they are driven home in the knowledge that they have just met one of the last local astronomers from the land of the Tuareg ...
worked in the seventies of the last century, I was the youngest developer for a no longer existing, large electronics company in the antenna laboratory, where once the giant bowls of ground stations in the modern communications satellite designed. part of my job the calculation of all conceivable sources of error and the antenna noise temperature, which played at that time for the data transmission an important role.
To measure the antenna noise we needed at that time stars such as the strong noise source, Cassiopeia A, a remnant of a supernova in the right ascension 23h 21m and declination +58 ° 33 '. Another potential source was Cygnus A, provided they have at least 20 ° above the horizon. Sources below about 20 degrees elevation are useless because the radiation temperature of the soil at 300 Kelvin is much too strong. A rather weak noise source Taurus A forms in the Taurus (the Crab Nebula) in right ascension 5h 31 'and declination +21 ° 58'.
could with these sources will review the accuracy of the positioning and the noise of the antenna. With diameters of 18-25 m were caused by the huge parabolic vulnerable to mechanical stresses, the deviations from the ideal paraboloid shape. For the composition of a continuous series of measurements were needed at different elevation angles sources. The ratios of the main sources of noise made my basic knowledge in the field of astronomy. It was all Three to four stars astronomy.
undertook in the spring of these years, I with my young, small family on a tour in Tunisia, where in addition to the coastal region with the Moorish, Punic and Roman sites and the desert in the south of the country with its oases, the foothills of the Atlas Mountains and the salt lakes on the program were.
It was on this trip to Tunis over El Dijem, Sfax, Gabes, Matmata and Gafsa because we all ss in the south, the gateway to the desert reached that is called because of the dunes of the Sahara Douz . It is a tiny, dusty oasis town, which now can not produce truly great story.
Douz environment with the center of the part still semi-nomadic Mrazig is strain that will descend from the Beni Hilal . As the government leads the people to settle down, reduces the number of nomads from year to year and you will find there today no more Tuareg. Douz earlier, however, was an important stop on the overland caravan routes. The removal of the caravan has been offset by tourism. Per year are counted in the region of Douz 320 000 overnight stays. The desert tourism harms However the environment because of excessive water consumption in the oases.
place in the modern center of Douz Thursday instead of the largest weekly market in southern Tunisia to the sedentary and nomadic buyers and sellers from the area, sometimes together come from Algeria. Even earlier Tuareg moved from southern Algeria with their caravans to the market at Douz. So it was not unusual to encounter in this place just before a Thursday, a foreign Tuareg.
Our hotel in Douz was a so-called "seven-star hotel", which in a black tent was housed. The name referred to a dozen holes in the black tents, which should provide the observers with a closer look in any direction at least 7 stars. We disrupted the bountiful fresh air culture means. It was really comfortable in this huge tent.
to promote the local weaving we had been dressed for dinner in traditional dress with white djellaba and colorful turban decorated . Even that was no problem and soon I had forgotten that we ever wore such exotic clothing.
And it was here most peaceful in the evening hours after sunset that I took a walk in the oasis, while my wife with our son who preferred to stay at the hotel. It was during dinner instantly became completely dark and so I moved gently under the moonless sky to the edge of town on a sandy path between meter-high stalks that looked like maybe cane or a kind of papyrus. that grows here on the banks of a pond or marshy terrain.
appeared in the darkness, the eerie air and wind, and while my eyes became accustomed to the darkness, I suddenly heard a strange rustling. It sounded as if a tiny toys were forgotten by a child in the sandbox and now on its last legs further rattled by the spring tension had completely broken down ...
Carefully I walked further along the meandering path between the towering, black reeds. Then I tell two people on a low wall, playing with a device that apparently caused the noise. Both were so busy that they do not get me heard and saw at first as I stood beside them.
" Bon soir, monsieur madame y "
I greeted the couple who housed perhaps as a middle-aged couple in a tourist hotel was. They greeted back in French.
the unit on the wall was apparently a camera, so you can scan the night sky in complete darkness for some time. For these shots of the night sky but it takes a special tool. The stars are seen from Earth is not over. Since the earth as all the planets rotate around its axis, the sky cut shifts at all times. Why do you photograph the night sky for scientific purposes, with a tracking system, which compensates for the earth's rotation. Without such a body would only the polar star in the north represented approximately as a fixed star. All other stars are shown as circular arcs around the center around.
The rustling noise came from a now Federzuguhrwerk, which was the camera tracked the stars a . The turntable and the transmission came from our own production and the rotational axis was aligned with a polar scope is at the North Star.
selected for such admissions one moonless nights, far from big cities with all that artificial light and a cloudy atmosphere. Thus were the only two tourists traveled specifically to this day all the way to the edge of the desert at this to take pictures.
I am interested in your machine and explained that the form works with Cassiopeia, Cygnus and Taurus is an important part of my subject area.
The mention of these heavenly bodies electrified the research pair and there ensued a lively discussion on the performance limits of tracking at night photography. Such systems allow exposure times from about 30 minutes at 28 mm wide-angle lens and 5 minutes at 200 mm telephoto lens.
After i n their discussion on K assiopeia, Cygnus and Taurus we changed the subject and took the remarkable Orion under the magnifying glass that can be seen in Central Europe in the evening sky to April and a mythical sky hunter supposed to represent. The striking constellation of ancient peoples of different meanings attributed. Most importantly perhaps the definition of the important harvest seasons, which I had noticed during the teaching of history as an old country sayings was:
" The threshing comes with the giant Orion .
for the Orion is not visible from April to July and only then at home began threshing.
And some fell back with one. If the constellation Scorpio rises in the east, Orion must leave the sky in the west. Thus, the two opponents are never together in the sky. the morning and last of Orion the field work begins:
" When the Pleiades flee mighty Orion giant then thoughtfully cultivate the field, as I command you .
My wisdom and my knowledge impressed the French couple and they expressed their amazement that they had obtained in this remote oasis still so much of the ancient astronomical knowledge!
then initially I was speechless for a few seconds ....
no means I had been aware of that I still have the djellaba and the brightly decorated wore turbans. Obviously it was too dark to recognize me as a West European. My French sounded determined quite bumpy, but for a true- Tuareg certainly acceptable.
The two tourists looked at me certainly as a local who as a shaman or wise Bedouin the local farmer with his astronomy and assists the proper observance of the sowing and harvesting dates monitored.
This was too good to be true. Of course I would have to explain now that I were a Western European technicians and my wisdom to the Orion only inaccurate details of a distant lesson came from. To tell you, however, that she brought to fake and that I was no Africans, but then I do not have the heart. It would also hurt them unnecessarily in their pride ...
It would be better, the couple in the certainty to have to travel back, that guards in the desert city Douz still the old secret knowledge of the astronomical sky clock, which continues to operate if been all the oil is burned and the survivors again as the Bedouin have to live in the desert. So I let the French pair in the madness of my knowledge, passed me politely in French, and followed with pride and walking upright on my way.
I am also sure that both pairs of eyes after my departure for a while must have followed completely surprised - in the knowledge that they had just adopted one of the last local astronomers from the land of the Tuareg ...
Cassiopeia is visible year-round in Central Europe. The region of Cassiopeia is very star-rich, since the Milky Way runs through the constellation. Several open cluster can be seen here.
The Swan (Cygnus Latin) is a constellation north of the celestial equator. The Swan is a conspicuous constellation in the summer and autumn sky. The swan pulls the bright band of the Milky Way, so the constellation is full of interesting stars and nebulous objects.
The bull (Latin Taurus, astronomical sign: ♉) is a constellation of the ecliptic. The bull is north of the prominent Orion in the sky. The striking reddish star Aldebaran is the Dar. eye of the bull The bull can be observed from fall to spring.
The Orion is a constellation on the celestial equator. The Orion is situated between the river Eridanus and the unicorn on the celestial equator. This should be seen in Central Europe as of August (morning sky) to April (evening sky), in the Southern Hemisphere at higher latitudes, such as July-May
a The website night photography similar drive systems are documented.
pdf version: electromagnetic field in the mobile phone
In terms of mobile phone use, there is understandably a discussion on the topic of electromagnetic pollution. It is very difficult to prove a loss of electro. It is the professional world is united. Of course there is a lobby that deserves to mobile phone use and others who make ethical or moral reasons worries.
Dr. Joachim mother brings the dilemma to the point by quoting Upton Sinclair:
"It is difficult a scientist to get them to understand something when his income depends on not understanding it"
Now I am not afraid and know very well outweigh the risks of radiation to the benefits of a new development, such as mobile phones.
can also be discovered by damage of a technology sometimes just new applications, such as the irradiation of cancer patients to radiation.
Nevertheless, you should do is start thinking about this issue - and write Listen, what I noticed. In particular, the cases of nuclear radiation and X-rays will be studied as examples because they are in the same category we include the cell phone radiation.
there any documented many examples of precedents that have similar claims in the history of medicine and technology have harmed through ignorance or concealment significantly longer than necessary - because some producers, even after the evidence of the harmfulness their plants to operate longer. For example, one may (in addition to the radiation margins) give two examples: asbestos and cigarette.
of Factory Inspector Lucy Deane discovered in 1898 the reason for asbestosis - Only One hundred years later, in 1998, the British government decided on a ban of asbestos. In the next 35 years in Western Europe expected to asbestos-based cancer of 250000-400000 cases (Peto, 1999). a
A rodeo rider, who appeared in 1976 in a cigarette advertisement had, even after the diagnosis in the two years until his death Non smoking organizations used. Even better known is the case is strained by an actor from the early 1960s, the widow of a lawsuit against the advertising medium. She claimed that her husband would have to smoke during the photo shoot up to five packs of cigarettes. Initial studies, which pointed to the risk of lung cancer due to smoking were published as early as the 1950s. At that time, was already known that the inhalation poison endangers not only the smokers themselves, but also present for Non smoking. The tobacco industry responded with the introduction of filter cigarettes and so-called light cigarettes, which suggested not to endanger health.
hear every day people to smoke on (in 2002 in the U.S. every day 3500), more die from the effects of smoking (every day in 2002 1200 in the U.S.).
The cigarette industry has for years assured the smokers, the risks of smoking was safe until she has been informed by their own advertisers a better one.
→ witness the smoking lobby, paid by the tobacco industry
The tobacco industry even the patent has retained a safe cigarette deliberately, because one it just does not deserve so much could. "Safer" Cigarettes: A History
are the first reports of radiation injuries from 1896 - as described in Edison, Tesla and Grubbe eye and skin damage, especially Edison warned against excessive radiation exposure (Edison, 1896 ). For his assistant, Clarence Dally, this came too late. He suffered from severe dermatitis Radio, the first cost him an arm and in 1904 the life.
recognized Paradoxically, some physicians, particularly by the increasing knowledge about radiation damage to the potential therapeutic value of radiation. About the first "treatment" reported from 1896 (Stone, 1946), as was irradiated in Chicago a woman with advanced cancer in the left breast.
Just weeks after the publication of Roentgen's work Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity, and in 1898 gave Marie and Pierre Curie announced the discovery of radium.
with radium paint was activated - for example, on the dials of watches - often applied with a brush. The danger of this work was not recognized until 1924, when New York dentist Theodore Blum's work on a new disease - he called it "radium jaw" - Published, he had with former dial painters observed. He attributed the symptoms of the toxicity of phosphorus. But Harrison Martland, a pathologist from New Jersey acknowledged that the bone damage was caused by radium.
Paradoxically radium was in the twenties seen as sources of health and healing. This culminated in the sale of various radium-containing medicinal potions, the best known under the name "Radio Thor". Their danger came to light when the famous American golfer and a millionaire industrialist Eben Byers died of a disease caused by radioactive radiation, after a long Period a total of about 1 000 bottles had been drinking it (Macklis, 1993).
In the forties and fifties, were in almost all shoe stores Röntgenfluoroskopiegeräte that are adapted to children new shoes. They could produce a dose rate of 1 roentgen per minute. I myself was screened with one of these devices yet.
concern in all this is that the EU report Late Lessons from Early Warnings contains not a single reference to the risks of electromagnetic radiation other than X-ray and nuclear radiation, although there are probably risks in the low area also.
asbestos, lead, dioxin, DDT, thalidomide, amalgam, mercury-containing Zahnungspulver, radar, radiation, benzene, tobacco smoke: they all have a legend of innocence and an exceedingly long criminal record. The Federal Environmental Agency in Berlin in 2004 to even published a booklet: "Late Lessons from Early Warnings (D as precautionary principle 1896-2000) " 3 . The report is divided into a dozen examples of how it's just not to do:
The overview is a pointer to that in our global and thus local society is a systematic belittlement (usually technical) of health risks and dangers are, which conflict with the interests of some specific industries and their loss limits can be enforced only reluctantly and with delays.
In some examples, it will take decades until a (more or less effective) prohibition imposed is.
electrosmog also belongs to the dozen. It belongs to the same class as nuclear radiation and Röntgenstralung: not significant, silent, invisible, odorless, so probably harmless at first, because as we shall no sensors on the body.
had to as of June 2006 recognized the Bundeswehr in 679 of 3,500 jobs of an application addressed the relationship of cancer with their official duties. [2] Several hundred people have died of the consequences [3] estimated number of sufferers die every month. [4] [5]
In the 20th Century conventional military radar technology was developed in the high voltage electronics of the device to be technically unavoidable by-product X-ray radiation that is too little has been shielded. [6]
as recommendations for the compensation practices of the Bundeswehr, the Commission recommended, in principle, all malignant (malignant) tumors and cataracts (cataract) as compensation for a qualifying disease to be considered, with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . [19]
According to the Commission of the armed forces from radar about 1958 the problem of X-ray radiation from radar equipment was known. [19] Following statements by soldiers and documents was pronounced general until 1976 when the Federal Navy, then from the early 1980s, warnings, warnings and appropriate protective measures taken. [26]
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Bundeswehr soldiers and technicians largely ignorant of the dangers, as well as that of the army of the GDR. [27] There was also no prescribed measures for radiation protection such as wearing lead aprons. [13]
Until the mid-1980s, the shielding this radiation was both the one used in the Bundeswehr American radar equipment, as well as Soviet types sometimes insufficient [7] introduced to appropriate shielding and protection. This was done for different types of radar and arms at different times, sometimes only around 1985. [7] The operating and maintenance personnel has been exposed for long periods because of radiation doses , which was estimated to often many times over in the civil sector permissible limits . X-ray radiation damage at low radiation doses, the heritage and promotes the subsequent development of cancer .
At least five children of former military radar, some of which have now grown up, [22] have physical disabilities. Those affected attribute this to the radiation exposure of fathers. These include particularly severe malformations on the arms and legs, such as six-fingered hands and shortened legs. [22] [24] [25]
Nevertheless, the electromagnetic X-ray radiation is only when compared with cell phone radiation, the risks are, has remained for years unnoticed and protective measures have been cleared only 1980th Even then it took until 1985 to the older devices anywhere adequate shielding could be installed afterwards.
The harmful effects of transport used for microwave radar principle itself is not been fully resolved, is proven [10] but when the induction of cataracts by the thermal effect .
These risks are assessed by microwaves in my opinion different from the damage caused by X-ray radiation.
I believe it is in the detection of possible damage to a newly introduced technology (in this case mobile phones) to the first significant statistical damage identified. According to the Commission of the armed forces from radar about 1958 the problem of X-ray radiation from radar equipment was known. From that moment it took until 1980 to soldiers first warnings were issued. Then it took another 5 years were completed by the protection measures. As late as the 1990s, denied any link between the Bundeswehr radars and diseases. Sick soldiers with complex conditions have been partly as a hypochondriac [1] expect with such a writer must also phone in damages. classified.
It is quite possible that the first statistical claims are already known, are still not as significant.
O mega news published technical papers, which document the damage by electromagnetic pollution.
I'm not very anxious and had failed for years worked in a laboratory microwave antenna radiation. The klystrons were working in the range of 1 watt, which may well have cause damage. Tues e health by military radars sin d already known on record (see above).
Perhaps what stands out is the reported accumulation of stroke in young people who obviously statistically increase. Here, the stroke in infants and young children rarely manifests with paralysis, but more often by seizures 5 .
The latest figures were more than twice as high as figures from previous decades 6 . Part of the reasons is due to thickened blood and pathological behavior of the control of blood flow in the body. A doubling within 10 years could be significant in my opinion.
are Unfortunately stroke in young people - defined by the WHO 18 - to 55-year-old - not necessarily due to radiation.
could especially cocaine, heroin and the designer drug Ecstasy among young people already trigger a stroke. "Many young people underestimate the risks of drug use. When cocaine use may already lead to one stroke, because the drug dramatically narrows the vessels. Most of the triggers in childhood and adolescence are innate, however. 60 percent of children who suffer a stroke tend to have thick blood which can clog the arteries. Heart disease, malformations of blood vessels and infections can also be frozen, according to strokes in children and Youth leader.
risk factors for the occurrence of stroke is generally a high blood pressure, obesity, and alcohol and especially cigarettes. Nicotine damages the cardiovascular system. The brain is supplied with oxygen so bad. Studies have shown that even in middle age smokers are at increased up to fivefold risk of having a stroke, suffer with perhaps lifelong health. For smokers, the risk increases even more in if they take the same birth control pill.
is the diagnosis of stroke each year in Germany at about 500 Children and young people placed under 18 - nearly a third of whom are newborns. The causes of childhood stroke can be blood clotting disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Sometimes it can also be an infection that causes a stroke.
As in adults, an infant stroke by circulatory disturbances caused in the brain: Hirnversorgende vessels (arteries) are blocked, tear or rupture. The resulting reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells to die can be important functions of the brain cells begin to fail suddenly and. Other causes of stroke in children are Heart defects, vascular injury or vascular inflammation.
The typical warning symptoms of stroke are similar in all age groups: sudden unilateral paralysis, seizures, walking or speech problems and confusion. Combined with the strongest headache is often a cause of bleeding stroke.
More info provides the world's largest study on stroke in young patients 5000 - Importance of Fabry disease. The hereditary storage disease causes a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase. Since the enzyme in the degradation of fats missing form in blood vessels and renal deposits. These often lead to early death from stroke, heart attack or kidney failure.
The number of strokes in recent years in Hesse fell 8 . In 2005, health insurance, according to the technician (TK), around 24 300 Hesse suffered a stroke - nearly 2,000 died as a result. After telecommunications information in 2003 to around 27,000 patients were registered with stroke, the number of deaths was 2280.
The argument of the reported cluster of strokes in young people can convince me, however. There must be a convincing proof be delivered. Perhaps it is possible to identify because of the phone costs a relationship between mobile phone-related diseases and telephone costs.
damage through innovations such as electromagnetic field in the mobile phone can only be detected by identification of a harmful effect: the so-called first typical claim .
lie between introduction of new technology and the first loss typical case usually decades. To eliminate the sources of damage can - as the practice is proving - once again decades . Elapse
As an example of a successful identification of a hazardous substance (or impact) is the self-test of the famous American golfer Eben Byers, who has been drinking 1000 bottles of "Radio Thor" medicine.
Who really statistically phone very much, is statistically first typical claim . some point the
One might as well be the group of much-callers analyze the damage that may in the eyes (Star, retinal detachment, etc.) or the brain (stroke, neurological disorders, cancer) can occur. Only such evidence is under scientific conditions recognized as significant First, statistical damage.
Personally, I suspect that the impact of electromagnetic pollution in adolescents are significantly less than the physical injuries caused by smoking, drug use 9 and nutrition claims. Among the leading causes of death of the phones probably are even traffic victims of phone calls while driving.
long as outweighing the harm to the victims of road accidents, drug addicts and diet-related diseases, it will probably be impossible to so-called first typical case of damage by electromagnetic field in the mobile phone to determine at all.
3 The views expressed in this publication implied opinions do not necessarily reflect the official position of the European Commission or other bodies of the European Community. The European Environment Agency and on whose behalf active persons are not liable for any use of the information contained in this report.
5 For me as an electrical engineer suggests cramps rather than irritation and damage rather than blocking the oxygen supply.
9 especially on the question whether mobile phones and drugs cause strokes in young people
